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Part 1: Glycogen Levels in Animal Tissues
The following is a description of an experiment conducted to study the glycogen levels of 5 tissues, arbitrarily labeled as tissues A, B, C, D, and E.
INTRODUCTION
Glycogen is the major long-term energy storage molecule in animals. Begin your response by describing the structure of glycogen and explaining how the energy stored within it is accessed and put into usable form by the cell.
METHODS
10 rhesus monkeys were imported from India and quarantined for 90 days before they were used for experiments. The monkeys were 2 to 4 years old and were fed a commercial stock diet while at MSB Laboratories. The modification of the Failor-Hoshi method was used to assay the glycogen content of the five tissues, A, B, C, D, and E.
RESULTS
The glycogen concentrations (in milligrams of glycogen per gram wet weight) for the 5 tissues of the monkeys are presented in the following table:
|
Glycogen Concentration (mg/g) |
||||||||||
|
Tissue |
Monkey 1 |
Monkey 2 |
Monkey 3 |
Monkey 4 |
Monkey 5 |
Monkey 6 |
Monkey 7 |
Monkey 8 |
Monkey 9 |
Monkey 10 |
|
A |
0.75 |
0.55 |
0.42 |
0.62 |
0.58 |
0.66 |
0.36 |
0.74 |
0.53 |
0.50 |
|
B |
0.17 |
0.33 |
0.06 |
0.15 |
0.25 |
0.16 |
0.22 |
0.15 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
|
C |
5.1 |
5.2 |
6.7 |
6.0 |
4.8 |
2.8 |
4.3 |
3.8 |
4.8 |
7.3 |
|
D |
130 |
100 |
190 |
150 |
140 |
110 |
150 |
170 |
100 |
120 |
|
E |
0.001 |
0.000 |
0.002 |
0.008 |
0.020 |
0.000 |
0.001 |
0.010 |
0.001 |
0.004 |
DATA ANALYSIS
(i) Estimate the mean glycogen concentration for each tissue with a 95% confidence interval. Carefully explain (a) the general significance of a confidence interval and the reasoning behind how it is calculated (i.e. why it has the particular formula it does), and (b) how you found the confidence interval in these cases, providing at least one sample calculation.
(ii) Estimate the difference between the means of tissue A and tissue B, again with a 95% confidence interval.
CONCLUSION
Draw conclusions from this data, including an identification of the two tissues in which glycogen is highly enriched. Why might glycogen be enriched in these tissues? (Feel free to do a little research to help you with this section; there is no need to cite sources as long as you put things in your own words).
Part 2: Amino Acid Composition of Proteins
First, explain in a paragraph how the ultimate structure of a protein depends on its amino acid sequence.
(The remainder of this assignment is not included in this sample).